嫦娥六号是我国探月工程四期的“关键一环”，将完成月背采样返回等重要任务。今天（8日），在北京航天飞行控制中心的精确控制下，嫦娥六号探测器成功实施近月制动，顺利进入环月轨道飞行。

近月制动是嫦娥六号探测器在飞行过程中的一次关键轨道控制。嫦娥六号探测器飞临月球附近时，实施“刹车”制动，使其相对速度低于月球逃逸速度，从而被月球引力捕获，实现绕月飞行。

突破逆行轨道技术

将应用月背智能采样

实施近月制动，嫦娥六号就进入了环月轨道。与之前的嫦娥五号探月任务不同，嫦娥六号采用的是逆行轨道。什么是逆行轨道呢？

在太阳系里，所有的大行星都沿着太阳的自转方向绕太阳公转，这样的轨道称为顺行轨道。而逆行轨道意味着围绕这颗星球的航天器飞行方向与星球自转方向相反。

专家介绍，逆行轨道会提升探测器与月球之间的相对速度，可以让环绕器更好地稳定在环月轨道上。

后续，在鹊桥二号中继星的支持下，嫦娥六号探测器将调整环月轨道高度和倾角，择机实施轨道器返回器组合体与着陆器上升器组合体分离，之后，着陆器上升器组合体实施月球背面着陆，按计划开展月球背面采样以及返回任务。

采集月背样品

嫦娥降落点如何选？

嫦娥六号这次的主要任务就是采样返回，在采集月背样品之前，最关键的步骤就是落月。科研人员不仅要给嫦娥六号选一个有科学价值的落区，这个位置还要便于开展后续工作。

嫦娥六号计划降落在月球背面的南极－艾特肯盆地东北侧，那里是太阳系已知最古老的撞击盆地。月球背面就是月球背对地球的那一面。由于月球公转和自转时间同步，这就导致月球的一个面永远无法面向地球。

中国航天科技集团 逯运通：全球进行过十数次的月面采样返回，全部任务都是在月球的正面，月球背面可能存在更古老的月壤，我们在月球背面不论采回什么样的月壤，科学价值都是比较高的。

落月的位置不仅要有科学价值，科研人员还要全面考虑工程实施难度。航天器在太空工作的动力都来自自身太阳翼帆板，嫦娥六号也不例外，降落月背地点就要充分考虑光照等各个方面，确保任务的可实施性。

中国航天科技集团 逯运通：航天器在轨主要是用光照来产生电能，主要是纬度来决定的，这次选择了一个中纬度地区。我们选择月球南极－艾特肯盆地，无论是从光照、能源、通信等各个角度，从工程上都是可以实现的。

53天的太空“出差”

嫦娥六号怎么干？

从火箭发射到嫦娥六号取到月背样品返回到地面，整个过程要经历53天。这53天都要干啥？整个流程是什么样的？

嫦娥六号任务工程总体发射场工程技术组组长 胡震宇：嫦娥六号任务主要经历11个飞行阶段，分别是发射入轨段、地月转移段、近月制动段、环月飞行段、着陆下降段、月面工作段、月面上升段、交会对接与样品转移段、环月等待段、月地转移段以及再入返回阶段。其间，还涉及探测器的4个组成部分，也就是上升器、着陆器、返回器、轨道器多次分离和转移，可以说是环环相扣、步步关键。

在今天嫦娥六号踩好这一脚“刹车”后，在环月阶段，嫦娥六号将用20天左右的时间调整好位置，为落月做准备。当万事俱备，嫦娥六号就会开始落月，并在月面工作48小时完成月背样品采样。采样完成后就将开展月面上升、环月轨道交会对接等工作。其间，嫦娥六号还带了4个国际“包裹”，它们也要同步开展多项科学探测。

嫦娥六号任务工程总体发射场工程技术组组长 胡震宇：嫦娥六号搭载了4个国际载荷，法国氡气探测仪，对月表氡气同位素开展原位测量；欧空局月表负离子分析仪，对月球表面负离子进行探测，研究等离子体和月面的交互作用；巴基斯坦立方星，开展在轨成像任务；意大利激光角反射镜，作为在月球背面的定位绝对控制点，可以与其他月球探测任务开展联合测距与定位研究。

在完成全部工作任务后，嫦娥六号就将开启回家之路。通过大约5天飞行，再入大气层，返回四子王旗着陆场。整个月背出差之旅要进行53天。

（总台央视记者 崔霞 李宁 吴天白 陶嘉树 徐静）

新闻译文：

Chang'e-6 is a crucial part of China's fourth phase of lunar exploration project, and will complete important tasks such as lunar backsampling and return. Today (8th), under the precise control of the Beijing Aerospace Flight Control Center, the Chang'e-6 probe successfully implemented near moon braking and successfully entered the lunar orbit for flight.

The near moon braking is a critical orbital control for the Chang'e-6 spacecraft during its flight. When the Chang'e-6 probe flew near the moon, it applied a "brake" to make its relative velocity lower than the lunar escape velocity, and was captured by the lunar gravity to achieve a lunar orbit.

Breaking through retrograde orbit technology

Apply monthly back intelligent sampling

By implementing the near moon braking, Chang'e-6 entered the lunar orbit. Unlike the previous Chang'e-5 lunar exploration mission, Chang'e-6 adopts a retrograde orbit. What is a retrograde orbit?

In the solar system, all major planets orbit around the sun in the direction of its rotation, which is called a clockwise orbit. A retrograde orbit means that the spacecraft orbiting this planet is flying in the opposite direction to the planet's rotation.

Experts explain that a retrograde orbit will increase the relative velocity between the probe and the moon, allowing the orbiter to better stabilize in its orbit around the moon.

Subsequently, with the support of the Queqiao-2 relay satellite, the Chang'e-6 probe will adjust the altitude and inclination of the lunar orbit, select an opportunity to separate the orbiter return assembly from the lander riser assembly. Afterwards, the lander riser assembly will land on the far side of the moon, and carry out planned sampling and return missions on the far side of the moon.

Collect monthly samples

How to choose the landing site for Chang'e?

The main task of Chang'e-6 this time is to sample and return, and the most crucial step before collecting lunar samples is to land on the moon. Researchers not only need to select a scientifically valuable landing area for Chang'e-6, but this location should also be convenient for subsequent work.

The Chang'e-6 mission is scheduled to land on the northeast side of the Antarctic Aitken Basin on the far side of the Moon, which is the oldest known impact basin in the solar system. The far side of the moon is the side of the moon facing away from the Earth. Due to the synchronization of the moon's orbit and rotation time, one side of the moon can never face the Earth.

China Aerospace Science and Technology Group's Lu Yuntong: We have conducted more than ten lunar surface sampling returns globally, all of which were conducted on the front side of the moon. There may be older lunar soil on the far side of the moon, and no matter what kind of lunar soil we collect on the far side of the moon, its scientific value is relatively high.

The location of the falling moon not only needs to have scientific value, but researchers also need to comprehensively consider the difficulty of project implementation. The power for spacecraft to work in space comes from their own solar panels, and Chang'e-6 is no exception. When landing on the lunar back, full consideration should be given to various aspects such as lighting to ensure the feasibility of the mission.

China Aerospace Science and Technology Group's Lu Yuntong: The spacecraft in orbit mainly uses light to generate electricity, which is mainly determined by latitude. This time, a mid latitude region was chosen. We choose the South Pole of the Moon - Aitken Basin, which can be achieved from various angles such as lighting, energy, communication, and engineering.

53 days of space travel

What does Chang'e-6 do?

The entire process from rocket launch to Chang'e-6 taking lunar samples back to the ground takes 53 days. What are you going to do these 53 days? What is the entire process like?

Hu Zhenyu, the leader of the overall launch site engineering technology group for the Chang'e-6 mission, said that the Chang'e-6 mission mainly goes through 11 flight stages, including launch to orbit, ground to moon transfer, near moon braking, lunar flight, landing descent, lunar working, lunar ascent, rendezvous and docking, sample transfer, lunar waiting, lunar to ground transfer, and re-entry and return. During this process, it also involves the four components of the detector, namely the ascent, lander, return, and orbiter, which are separated and transferred multiple times, and can be said to be interlocked and step by step key.

After stepping on the brakes of Chang'e-6 today, it will take about 20 days for it to adjust its position and prepare for the moon landing during the lunar phase. When everything is ready, Chang'e-6 will start landing on the moon and work on the lunar surface for 48 hours to complete the sampling of lunar samples. After the sampling is completed, tasks such as lunar ascent and lunar orbit rendezvous and docking will be carried out. During this period, Chang'e-6 also carried four international "parcels", which were also required to carry out multiple scientific explorations simultaneously.

Hu Zhenyu, the leader of the overall launch site engineering technology group for the Chang'e-6 mission project: Chang'e-6 is equipped with four international payloads, a French radon detector, to conduct in-situ measurements of lunar surface radon isotopes; The European Space Agency's lunar surface negative ion analyzer detects negative ions on the lunar surface and studies the interaction between plasma and the lunar surface; Pakistan Cube, conducting in orbit imaging missions; The Italian laser angular reflector, as an absolute control point for positioning on the far side of the moon, can conduct joint ranging and positioning research with other lunar exploration missions.

After completing all the work tasks, Chang'e-6 will embark on its journey home. After approximately 5 days of flight, re-enter the atmosphere and return to the landing site of Siziwang Banner. The entire monthly business trip will last for 53 days.

(CCTV reporter Cui Xia, Li Ning, Wu Tianbai, Tao Jiashu, Xu Jing)

重点词汇

• 嫦娥 Chang'e ; the goddess of the moon ; Chinese mythical goddess of the moon

• 北京航天飞行控制中心 Beijing Aerospace Control Center ; BAcc

• 精确控制 Precise control ; Precision Control ; control precision ; SR-DBA

• 环月轨道 lunar orbit

• 轨道控制 orbital control ; track control ; AOCS

• 刹车 brake ; put on the brake ; stop at once ; brake a vehicle suddenly by applying the brakes ; stop a vehicle by applying the brake ; stop a machine by cutting off the power ; turn off a machine

• 相对速度 relative speed ; relative velocity

• 逃逸速度 escape velocity

• 引力 gravitation ; attraction ; pull ; attractive force ; gravitational force ; short of universal gravitation

• 逆行轨道 retrograde orbit

句子成分分析：

[After stepping on the brakes (of Chang'e-6 (today))], it will take about 20 days for it to adjust its position and 

prepare for the moon landing [during the lunar phase].

句子语法结构详解：

* stepping 为动名词，作介词宾语。
* today 为副词作后置定语
* 第1个 it 为先行主语，代表后移的不定式。
* take 为谓语，采用一般将来时。
* for it to adjust 为不定式。for it 为不定式的逻辑主语。
* prepare 为不带 to 的不定式。
* its 为物主代词。will 为情态动词。the 为定冠词。

句子相关词汇解释：

Phrase:

Vocabulary:

句子成分分析：

[During this period], Chang'e-6 also carried four international "parcels", (which were [also] required to carry out 

multiple scientific explorations [simultaneously]).

句子语法结构详解：

* carried 为谓语，采用一般过去时。
* which 为关系代词，引导非限制性定语从句。
* required 为谓语，采用一般过去时和被动语态。
* to carry 为不定式，作主语补足语。
* were 为助动词。

句子相关词汇解释：

Phrase:

Vocabulary:

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